Key Vault RBAC vs access policy model, and the Contributor escalation path

This sheet compares Azure RBAC model, Access policy model, Contributor role, Key Vault firewall, Resource lock.

CriterionAzure RBAC modelAccess policy modelContributor roleKey Vault firewallResource lock
Grants data access howPer key, secret or certificate via role assignmentWhole-vault only, via access policy entriesControl-plane only, no data by itselfNothing; network reachability controlNothing; blocks deletion or changes

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