Where does the task live: Power BI Desktop vs the Power BI service

Verdict: Modelling and authoring, including RLS rules and publishing, live in Power BI Desktop. Collaborative and capacity-backed features, workspace creation, automatic aggregations, personalize visuals and RLS member assignment, live in the Power BI service.

CriterionPower BI DesktopPower BI service
Author RLS roles and DAX filter rulesYes: Modeling tab, Manage RolesNo: only assign members to existing roles
Create a collaborative workspaceNo: publishes into an existing workspace onlyYes: at app.powerbi.com
Automatic aggregationsNot availableYes: service-side semantic model settings
Personalize visuals at runtimeAuthoring tool, not applicableYes, when the report designer enabled it

Rules

Traps