Proximity placement group vs availability zones vs availability set

Verdict: Use a proximity placement group only when default placement misses the app-to-DBMS latency target. Spread across availability zones for resiliency; one group cannot span zones. Combine an availability set with a PPG to pin it to a zone.

CriterionProximity placement groupAvailability zonesAvailability setDefault placement
Optimises forLowest app-to-DBMS latencyZone-level fault isolationFault/update-domain split inside one zoneThe norm; sufficient in most cases
Zone spanCannot span zonesSpans separate zones by designPinned into one zone via a PPGRegion default
Main riskAllocationFailure on elastic add/remove and mixed VM familiesNo guaranteed inter-zone distance or latencyOnly platformFaultDomainCount=1 supported for SAPMay miss a strict latency target
Use whenMeasured latency exceeds the requirementDatacentre-failure resiliency is the priorityASCS/ERS needs FD/UD split in one zoneNo measured latency problem

Rules

Traps